Exercise shown to help combat brain fatigue
Charleston, SC, United States (AHN) – Those suffering from brain fatigue may want to consider starting an exercise regimen.
Researchers at the University of South Carolina said a new study confirms that exercise increases the brain cells responsible for generating energy.
An increase in these brain cells, called mitochondria, is thought to be behind many of the positive physical effects of exercise, including increased strength and endurance.
The researchers conducted their work on lab mice, which were assigned to either an exercise group that ran on a treadmill six days a week for an hour, or to a sedentary group. After eight weeks, the scientists examined the brain and muscle tissue from some of the mice in each group to test for signs of increased mitochondria.
The exercise group experienced in increase in mitochondria in their muscles, and they increased their run to fatigue time from about 74 minutes to about 126 minutes. No change was seen for the sedentary mice.
A full report on the study appears in the American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology.
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FDA to review safety of bone drugs
Washington, D.C., United States (AHN) – Two U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panels will meet on Friday to review popular bone drugs. Included in the panels’ agenda is to discuss a possible recommendation for women to rest first from taking the medication due to concerns over side effects on long-term use.
The comprehensive safety review to determine if it is safe for females to use the bone drugs beyond three to five years comes 16 years after the drugs such as Fosamax were launched into the market.
The FDA recommendation is expected to affect about four million women in the U.S. who take biphosphonates, which inhibit the bone renewal process by adding bone mass. However, its possible side effects include causing the bones to become brittle.
The FDA review will cover at least four branded bisphosphonates and generic counterparts, used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. It includes:
- Fosamax (alendronate sodium) tablets and solution and Fosamax Plus D made by Merck
- Actonel (risedronate) and Actonel with calcium made by Warner Chilcott
- Bonivia (ibandronate sodium) tablets and injection made by Roche, and
- Reclast (zoledronic acid) made by Novartis.
Among the reported risks to long-term use of the osteoporosis drugs are jawbone death, unusual broken thigh bones and esophageal cancer. Due to those risks, the FDA ordered in October the manufacturer of the drugs to add a warning of the higher risks for atypical femur fractures and in 2005 a warning for osteonecrosis.
Because of the side effects, Merck has 1,115 lawsuits over jaw damage and another 535 over unusual femur fractures and other bone injuries.
After the patent of Fosamax, which was launched in 1995, expired in 2008, generic versions of the medication came out in the market.
In 2010, global sales of bone drugs reached $7.6 billion, which went down from a peak of $8.8 billion in 2007.
The FDA is expected to issue a report on the results of the Friday discussion on Wednesday, Sept. 14.
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